Achyranthes Radix
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Achyranthis Radix Goshitsu (牛膝)
Achyranthes Radix
Origin
Dried root of Achyranthes bidentata Blume or Achyranthes fauriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot (Amaranthaceae).
Key Constituents
Saponins, ecdysterone (inokosterone), phytosterols (including β-sitosterol and stigmasterol), amino acids, and polysaccharides.
Traditional Functions
Invigorates blood circulation, strengthens the bones and joints, promotes urination, and guides blood and fire downward.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for knee and lower back discomfort, joint stiffness, urinary discomfort, painful urination, irregular menstruation, and blood in the urine.
For educational purposes only.
Aconiti Radix Bushi（附子）
Aconiti Radix
Origin
Processed tuberous root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux or Aconitum japonicum Thunberg (family Ranunculaceae). The raw root undergoes a traditional processing method to reduce toxicity before medicinal use.
Key Constituents
Alkaloids (including benzoylmesaconine and mesaconitine), Polysaccharides
Traditional Functions
Traditionally used to warm the body, promote fluid metabolism, and help reduce water retention. It has been used to support conditions associated with coldness, chills, and joint pain or stiffness, particularly in the limbs.
For educational purposes only.
Akebiae Caulis Mokutsu (木通)
Akebiae Caulis
Origin
Dried stem of Akebia quinata Decaisne or Akebia trifoliata Koidzumi (Lardizabalaceae), usually cut transversely.
Key Constituents
Triterpenoid saponins, including akebosides, and related compounds.
Traditional Functions
Promotes urination, facilitates fluid circulation, and traditionally supports the free flow through the body's passages and joints.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for urinary difficulty, edema, inflammatory urinary discomfort, jaundice, and insufficient lactation.
For educational purposes only.
Alismatis Rhizoma Takusha (沢瀉)
Alismatis Rhizoma
Origin
Dried tuber of Alisma orientale Juzepczuk (Alismataceae), usually with the periderm removed.
Key Constituents
Triterpenoids (alisols and related compounds), sesquiterpenoids including alismol, and starch.
Traditional Functions
Promotes urination, regulates fluid metabolism, relieves thirst, and traditionally addresses sensations of heaviness and dizziness associated with fluid retention.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for difficult or scanty urination, edema, dizziness, a heavy sensation in the head, and thirst.
For educational purposes only.
Alpiniae Officinari Rhizoma Ryokyo (良姜)
Alpinia Officinarum
Origin
Dried rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance (Zingiberaceae).
Key Constituents
Essential oils including 1,8-cineole, flavonoids including galangin, and pungent compounds such as galangol.
Traditional Functions
Warms the middle, dispels cold, relieves abdominal pain, and promotes digestion of stagnant food.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for cold-type abdominal pain, digestive discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and poor digestion.
For educational purposes only.
Amomi Semen Shukusha (縮砂)
Amomi Semen
Origin
Dried seed masses of Amomum villosum var. xanthioides, Amomum villosum var. villosum, or Amomum longiligulare (Zingiberaceae).
Key Constituents
Essential oils rich in monoterpenoids, including bornyl acetate and camphor.
Traditional Functions
Warms the middle, promotes the movement of qi, transforms dampness, and supports digestive function.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for abdominal fullness, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and a sensation of stagnation in the stomach.
For educational purposes only.
Anemarrhenae Rhizoma Chimo (知母)
Anemarrhenae Rhizoma
Origin
Dried rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (Liliaceae).
Key Constituents
Steroidal saponins including timosaponins, xanthones including mangiferin, and related compounds.
Traditional Functions
Clears heat, reduces uncomfortable sensations of internal heat, nourishes fluids, and relieves dryness.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for sensations of heat in the hands and feet, thirst, dry mouth, and urinary discomfort.
For educational purposes only.
Angelicae Dahuricae Radix Byakushi (白芷)
Angelicae Dahuricae Radix
Origin
Dried root of Angelica dahurica Bentham et Hooker filius ex Franchet et Savatier (Apiaceae).
Key Constituents
Furanocoumarins, including byakangelicin, byakangelicol, imperatorin, and related compounds.
Traditional Functions
Dispels pathogenic influences, relieves pain, and traditionally addresses headache and painful swelling of the head and face.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for headache, facial pain, nasal congestion, toothache, and painful swelling of the head or cheeks.
For educational purposes only.
Angelicae Radix Toki (当帰)
Angelicae Radix
Origin
The root of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa or Angelica acutiloba var. sugiyamae Hikino (Apiaceae), traditionally processed by brief hot-water treatment.
Key Constituents
Essential oils (including ligustilide and n-butylidenephthalide), fatty acids (including palmitic and linoleic acids), coumarins, polyacetylenes (including falcarinol and falcarindiol), bergapten, scopoletin, vitamin B12, and nicotinic acid.
Traditional Functions
Regulate and harmonize blood, support circulation, promote tissue nourishment and moisture, and address blood-related disorders, particularly in women.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for menstrual irregularities, menstrual discomfort, postpartum complaints, poor circulation, coldness, and conditions associated with blood deficiency or blood stasis.
For educational purposes only.
Araliae Cordatae Rhizoma Dokkatsu (独活)
Araliae Cardatae Rhizoma
Origin
The rhizome, usually, of Aralia cordata Thunberg (Araliaceae).
Key Constituents
Coumarins (including osthol and angelicon) and diterpenoids (including pimaric acid, isopimaric acid, and ent-kaurenoic acid), as well as essential oils.
Traditional Functions
Dispel wind, cold, and dampness, relieve pain; and address numbness and cold sensations associated with bi patterns.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for joint and muscle pain, stiffness, numbness, cold-related pain, and painful conditions associated with poor circulation or wind-cold-damp patterns.
For educational purposes only.
Araliae Cordatae Radix Wakyokatsu (和羌活)
Araliae Cordatae Radix
Origin
The root of Aralia cordata Thunberg (Araliaceae).
Key Constituents
Diterpenoids and related constituents.
Traditional Functions
Dispel wind, cold, and dampness, relieve pain, and address numbness and cold sensations associated with bi patterns.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for headache, vertigo, neuralgia, arthralgia, numbness, cold sensations, and musculoskeletal pain associated with wind-cold-damp patterns.
For educational purposes only.
Arctii Fructus Goboshi (牛蒡子)
Arctii Fructus
Origin
The fruit of Arctium lappa Linné (Asteraceae).
Key Constituents
Lignans, including arctiin, arctigenin, arctin, and lappaol A–F.
Traditional Functions
Clear heat, relieve swelling and obstruction of the throat, and alleviate throat pain. Traditionally also associated with antitumor activity and effects on uterine muscle contraction.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for sore throat, throat swelling, painful or obstructed sensation in the throat, and related inflammatory throat complaints.
For educational purposes only.
Arecae Semen Binroji (檳榔子)
Arecae Semen
Origin
Dried mature seed of Areca catechu L. (Arecaceae).
Key Constituents
Alkaloids (including arecoline, arecaidine, guvacine, and guvacoline), tannins, catechins, sterols, amino acids, pigments, and essential oils.
Traditional Functions
Promotes digestion and relieves food stagnation; promotes the movement of qi; promotes urination and reduces accumulation; traditionally used to expel intestinal parasites.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for food stagnation, abdominal fullness and bloating, constipation associated with qi stagnation, edema, and intestinal parasites.
For educational purposes only.
Arisaematis Tuber Tennansho (天南星)
Arisaematis Tuber
Origin
Dried tuber, with the cork layer removed, of Arisaema heterophyllum, Arisaema erubescens, Arisaema amurense, or related Arisaema species (Araceae).
Key Constituents
Starch, calcium oxalate, saponins, amino acids, and organic acids.
Traditional Functions
Dry phlegm and resolve dampness, dispel wind, and relieve spasms.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for phlegm accumulation, cough with thick sputum, dizziness associated with phlegm, and spasms or convulsions.
For educational purposes only.
Armeniacae Semen Kyonin (杏仁)
Armeniacae Semen
Origin
Dried seed of Prunus armeniaca and closely related Prunus species (Rosaceae).
Key Constituents
Cyanogenic glycosides (including amygdalin), fatty oils (including oleic acid), sterols, and enzymes.
Traditional Functions
Suppresses cough and relieves wheezing, moistens the intestines, and promotes bowel movements.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and constipation.
For educational purposes only.
Artemisiae Capillaris Flos Inchinko (茵陳蒿)
Artemisiae Capillaris Flos
Origin
Flower heads of Artemisia capillaris Thunberg (Asteraceae).
Key Constituents
Coumarins (including dimethylesculetin), chromones (including capillarisin), flavonoids, monoterpenoids, and essential oil constituents.
Traditional Functions
Clears damp-heat, promotes the resolution of jaundice, and supports urination.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for jaundice, digestive discomfort associated with damp-heat, and difficulty with urination.
For educational purposes only.
Artemisiae Folium Gaiyo (艾葉)
Artemisiae Folium
Origin
Dried leaves and twig ends of Artemisia princeps Pampanini or Artemisia montana Pampanini (Asteraceae).
Key Constituents
Coumarins (including umbelliferone and scopoletin), phenylpropanoids (including caffeoylquinic acids), monoterpenoids (including cineole), and sesquiterpenoids (including caryophyllene).
Traditional Functions
Warms the channels, stops bleeding, dispels cold and dampness, and relieves abdominal discomfort.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for abnormal uterine bleeding, abdominal pain associated with cold, diarrhea, vaginal discharge, and bleeding patterns.
For educational purposes only.
Asiasari Radix Saishin (細辛)
Asiasari Radix
Origin
Dried roots and rhizomes of Asiasarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum or Asiasarum sieboldii (Aristolochiaceae).
Key Constituents
Phenylpropanoids (including methyl eugenol), lignans (including asarinin), and alkaloids.
Traditional Functions
Dispels cold, relieves pain, warms the lungs, and promotes the resolution of retained fluids.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for headache, toothache, nasal congestion, cough associated with cold and retained fluids, and chest discomfort.
For educational purposes only.
Asini Corii Collas Akyo (阿膠)
Asini Corii Collas
Origin
Gelatin obtained by heating and extracting the dehaired skin of the donkey (Equus asinus), followed by removal of fat, concentration, and drying.
Key Constituents
Collagen-derived proteins and various amino acids.
Traditional Functions
Nourishes the blood, stops bleeding, enriches yin, and moistens dryness.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for various types of bleeding, blood deficiency, irregular menstruation, and symptoms associated with yin and blood deficiency.
For educational purposes only.
Asparagi Radix Tenmondo (天門冬)
Asparagi Radix
Origin
Dried root of Asparagus cochinchinensis, usually with the outer layer removed.
Key Constituents
Steroidal saponins, fructooligosaccharides, β-sitosterol, polysaccharides, and asparagine.
Traditional Functions
Nourishes yin, clears heat, moistens the lungs, and generates fluids.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for dry cough, throat and mouth dryness, thirst, and other symptoms associated with lung and kidney yin deficiency.
For educational purposes only.
Astragali Radix Ogi (黄耆)
Astragali Radix
Origin
Dried root of Astragalus membranaceus or Astragalus mongholicus (Fabaceae).
Key Constituents
Triterpenoid saponins (including astragalosides I, II, and IV), isoflavonoids (including formononetin), polysaccharides, and amino acids such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Traditional Functions
Tonifies qi, strengthens the exterior, promotes urination, reduces swelling, and supports tissue recovery.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for fatigue and weakness, spontaneous sweating, edema, reduced urination, and symptoms associated with qi deficiency.
For educational purposes only.
Atractylodis Lanceae Rhizoma Sojutsu (蒼朮)
Atractylodis Lanceae Rhizoma
Origin
Dried rhizome of Atractylodes lancea, Atractylodes chinensis, or their interspecific hybrids (Asteraceae).
Key Constituents
Polyacetylenes (including atractylodin) and sesquiterpenoids (including β-eudesmol and hinesol).
Traditional Functions
Dries dampness, strengthens the spleen, promotes fluid metabolism, dispels wind-dampness, and supports digestive function.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for digestive discomfort, abdominal fullness, poor appetite, diarrhea, edema, abnormal urination, and heaviness associated with dampness.
For educational purposes only.
Atractylodis Rhizoma Byakujutsu (白朮)
Atractylodis Rhizoma
Origin
Dried rhizome of Atractylodes japonica or Atractylodes macrocephala (Asteraceae).
Key Constituents
Sesquiterpenoids (including atractylon and atractylenolides I, II, and III), polyacetylenes, and polysaccharides.
Traditional Functions
Strengthens the spleen, tonifies qi, promotes fluid metabolism, dries dampness, and helps control sweating.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for poor appetite, digestive weakness, diarrhea, edema, abnormal urination, fatigue, and spontaneous sweating.
For educational purposes only.
Aurantii Fructus Immaturus Kijitsu (枳実)
Aurantii Fructus Immaturus
Origin
Immature fruit of Citrus aurantium var. daidai, Citrus aurantium, or Citrus natsudaidai (Rutaceae), used whole or cut in half.
Key Constituents
Monoterpenoids (including (+)-limonene), flavonoids (including naringin and hesperidin), and coumarins.
Traditional Functions
Moves qi, reduces accumulation, relieves fullness and distention, and helps resolve stagnation.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for abdominal or chest fullness, bloating, digestive stagnation, and discomfort associated with retained food or qi stagnation.
For educational purposes only.
Bambusa Tuldoides Chikujo（竹茹）
Bambusa Tuldoides
Origin
The intermediate layer of the stem of bamboo plants (such as Bambusa tuldoides Munro or other related species of the Poaceae family), processed by scraping off the green outer bark and inner pith, then cutting it into thin shavings.
Key Constituents
Cellulose, active polysaccharides, amino acids, and various triterpenoids.
Traditional Functions
Traditionally used to clear heat, relieve irritability, resolve phlegm, and stop vomiting (harmonizing the stomach and calming upward-reverting Qi).
For educational purposes only.
Benincasae Semen Togashi (冬瓜子)
Benincasae Semen
Origin
The seeds of Benincasa cerifera Savi or Benincasa cerifera Savi forma emarginata K. Kimura et Sugiyama (Cucurbitaceae).
Key Constituents
Fatty oils, including oleic acid and linoleic acid; trigonelline and other constituents.
Traditional Functions
Clears heat, resolves phlegm, drains dampness, and expels pus.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for cough with phlegm, lung abscess with purulent sputum, intestinal abscess, and urinary difficulty associated with damp-heat.
For educational purposes only.
Bezoar Bovis Goo (牛黄)
Bezoar Bovis
Origin
Dried gallstones obtained from cattle, Bos taurus (Bovidae)
Key Constituents
Bile acids including cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and chenodeoxycholic acid; bile pigments including bilirubin and biliverdin; cholesterol, lecithin, fatty oils, amino acids, peptides, calcium salts, and other constituents.
Traditional Functions
Clear heat, resolve toxicity, calm the spirit, and relieve convulsions.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for high fever with restlessness or impaired consciousness, convulsions, palpitations and anxiety, and sore throat.
For educational purposes only.
Bupleuri Radix Saiko (柴胡)
Bupleuri Radix
Origin
Root of Bupleurum falcatum Linné (Apiaceae).
Key Constituents
Triterpenoid saponins (primarily saikosaponins a and d), phytosterols (including stigmasterol), fatty acids, and other constituents.
Traditional Functions
Harmonize the exterior and interior, relieve constraint, regulate qi, and clear heat.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for hypochondriac fullness and discomfort, alternating chills and fever, and emotional symptoms associated with qi constraint, such as irritability and frustration.
For educational purposes only.
Cannabis Fructus Mashinin (麻子仁)
Cannabis Fructus
Origin
The mature dried seed (achene) of Cannabis sativa L.
Key Constituents
Contains fixed oils rich in linoleic and oleic acids, along with proteins, polysaccharides, phytosterols, and tocopherols (vitamin E).
Traditional Functions
Traditionally used to moisten the intestines, promote bowel movements, and help relieve constipation associated with intestinal dryness.
For educational purposes only.
Citri Unshiu Pericarpium Chinpi (陳皮)
Citri Unshiu Pericarpium
Origin
Dried mature pericarp of Citrus unshiu or Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae).
Key Constituents
Monoterpenoids (including (+)-limonene), flavonoids (including hesperidin, naringin, and nobiletin), and alkaloids (including synephrine).
Traditional Functions
Regulates qi, strengthens the spleen, dries dampness, and helps resolve phlegm.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for poor appetite, abdominal fullness and bloating, nausea, digestive weakness, and cough with phlegm.
For educational purposes only.
Dioscoreae Rhizoma Sanyaku (山薬)
Dioscoreae Rhizoma
Origin
The dried rhizome of Dioscorea japonica Thunb. or Dioscorea opposita Thunb.
Key Constituents
Polysaccharides (starch), glycoproteins, β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, amino acids, choline, and allantoin.
Traditional Functions
Supports healthy digestion, helps replenish Qi and Yin, nourishes the lungs and kidneys, and has traditionally been used for occasional loose stools, fatigue, frequent urination, and dry cough associated with deficiency.
Common Uses
Digestive Support
For educational purposes only.
Ephedrae Herba Mao (麻黄)
Ephedrae Herba
Origin
Dried aerial stems of Ephedra sinica Stapf, Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C.A. Mey., or Ephedra equisetina Bunge (Ephedraceae).
Key Constituents
Alkaloids (ephedrine, pseudoephedrine), flavonoids
Traditional Functions
Promotes sweating to release the exterior, facilitates lung function to relieve wheezing and cough, and promotes urination to reduce edema.
Common Uses
Cold and flu with chills, cough, wheezing, nasal congestion, asthma-like respiratory symptoms, and fluid retention (edema).
For educational purposes only.
Fel Ursi Yutan (熊胆)
Fel Ursi
Origin
Dried bile of the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) or brown bear (Ursus arctos).
Key Constituents
Bile acids (ursodeoxycholic acid [UDCA], chenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid), taurine-conjugated bile acids.
Traditional Functions
Clears heat, relieves toxicity, reduces spasms, and supports bile flow.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for digestive discomfort, convulsions, sore throat, eye inflammation, and hemorrhoids.
For educational purposes only.
Gambir Asenyaku (阿仙薬)
Gambir
Origin
Dried aqueous extract prepared from the leaves and young twigs of Uncaria gambir (Roxb.) (Rubiaceae).
Key Constituents
Catechins (catechin, epicatechin), quercetin, flavonoids, gambirtannins, and condensed tannins.
Traditional Functions
Astringes the intestines to stop diarrhea, reduces swelling, promotes tissue healing, and helps stop bleeding.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for diarrhea, mouth ulcers, sore throat, minor bleeding, and localized swelling.
For educational purposes only.
Hordei Fructus Germinatus Bakuga (麦芽)
Hordei Fructus Germinatus
Origin
Germinated ripe grains of Hordeum vulgare L. (Poaceae), dried after sprouting.
Key Constituents
Amylase (diastase), proteases, maltase, maltose, vitamins, and other digestive enzymes.
Traditional Functions
Promotes digestion of starches, relieves food stagnation, supports spleen and stomach function, and helps regulate lactation.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for indigestion, bloating, reduced appetite, abdominal fullness, and discomfort after overeating.
For educational purposes only.
Leonuri Herba Yakumoso (益母草)
Leonuri Herba
Origin
Dried aerial parts of Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (Lamiaceae), collected during the flowering season.
Key Constituents
Leonurine, stachydrine, flavonoids, diterpenes, alkaloids, iridoids, and volatile oils.
Traditional Functions
Invigorates blood, regulates menstruation, promotes urination to reduce swelling, and clears heat.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for irregular menstruation, menstrual discomfort, postpartum recovery, edema, and urinary difficulty.
For educational purposes only.
Magnoliae Cortex Koboku (厚朴)
Magnoliae Cortex
Origin
Dried bark of Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H. Wilson or Magnolia officinalis var. biloba Rehder & E.H. Wilson (Magnoliaceae).
Key Constituents
Honokiol, magnolol, essential oils (eudesmol, pinene, limonene), alkaloids, and lignans.
Traditional Functions
Promotes the movement of qi, relieves fullness and distension, dries dampness, and calms wheezing.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for abdominal bloating, indigestion, nausea, chest fullness, cough with phlegm, and wheezing.
For educational purposes only.
Natrii Sulfas Bosho (芒硝)
Natrii Sulfus
Origin
Naturally occurring or purified sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), commonly used in its hydrated crystalline form as mirabilite.
Key Constituents
Sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄).
Traditional Functions
Softens hardness, clears heat, promotes bowel movements, and relieves accumulation.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for constipation, dry or hard stools, abdominal fullness, and heat-related bowel stagnation.
For educational purposes only.
Ophiopogonis Tuber Bakumondo (麦門冬)
Ophiopogonis Tuber
Origin
Dried tuberous roots of Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker Gawl. (Asparagaceae).
Key Constituents
Steroidal saponins (ophiopogonins), homoisoflavonoids, polysaccharides, β-sitosterol, and amino acids.
Traditional Functions
Nourishes yin, moistens the lungs, clears heat, and promotes the production of body fluids.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for dry cough, dry mouth, sore throat, thirst, and dryness associated with yin deficiency.
For educational purposes only.
Paeoniae Radix Shakuyaku (芍薬)
Paeoniae Radix
Origin
Dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeoniaceae).
Key Constituents
Monoterpene glycosides, including paeoniflorin, albiflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, and benzoylpaeoniflorin, as well as tannins such as galloylglucose derivatives. Paeoniflorin and albiflorin are well-established constituents of Paeonia lactiflora root.
Traditional Functions
Nourishes the blood, preserves yin, regulates menstruation, relieves pain, and relaxes muscle tension and spasms.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for abdominal cramping, muscle tightness or spasms, menstrual discomfort, headache, and pain associated with tense muscles.
For educational purposes only.
Quercus Cortex Bokusoku (樸樕)
Quercus Cortex
Origin
Dried bark of Quercus acutissima Carruth., Quercus serrata Murray, Quercus mongolica var. crispula, or Quercus variabilis Blume (Fagaceae).
Key Constituents
Tannins, flavonoids (including quercetin derivatives), coumarins (such as scopolin), and phenolic compounds.
Traditional Functions
Astringes the intestines, dries dampness, promotes healing, and helps stop bleeding.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for diarrhea, hemorrhoids, minor bleeding, bruises, skin ulcers, and suppurative skin conditions.
For educational purposes only.
Rehmanniae Radix Jio (地黄)
Rehmanniae Radix
Origin
Dried root of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. or Rehmannia glutinosa var. purpurea Makino (Orobanchaceae). Includes fresh-dried Shēng Dì Huáng (生地黃) and steamed Shú Dì Huáng (熟地黃).
Key Constituents
Iridoid glycosides (including catalpol), phenylethanoid glycosides (such as acteoside), oligosaccharides (including stachyose and mannotriose), amino acids, and polysaccharides.
Traditional Functions
Nourishes yin, cools the blood, replenishes body fluids, and supports healthy blood and fluid metabolism.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for dry mouth, thirst, fatigue, dizziness, menstrual discomfort, and symptoms associated with blood or yin deficiency.
For educational purposes only.
Saccharum Granorum Koi (膠飴)
Saccharum Granorum
Origin
Sweet syrup produced by hydrolyzing starch from corn (Zea mays), cassava (Manihot esculenta), potato (Solanum tuberosum), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), or rice (Oryza sativa) into maltose-rich sugars.
Key Constituents
Maltose, glucose, maltotriose, dextrins, and other carbohydrates.
Traditional Functions
Tonifies qi, nourishes the middle burner, moistens the lungs, relieves cough, and promotes healthy body fluids.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for fatigue, poor appetite, dry cough, sore throat, and to support recovery during convalescence.
For educational purposes only.
Talcum Crystallinum (Kadinum) Kasseki (滑石)
Talcum Crystallinum (Kadinum)
Origin
Naturally occurring mineral composed primarily of hydrated aluminum silicate and silicon dioxide.
Key Constituents
Hydrated aluminum silicate (halloysite and related clay minerals), kaolinite, silicon dioxide, and trace minerals.
Traditional Functions
Promotes urination, clears heat, relieves dampness, and quenches thirst.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for difficult urination, reduced urine output, thirst, and urinary discomfort.
For educational purposes only.
Uncaria Rhynchophylla Chotoko (釣藤鈎)
Uncaria Rhynchophylla
Origin
Dried hooks with stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla, Uncaria sinensis, or Uncaria macrophylla (Rubiaceae). The hooks are usually collected with small stem segments and may be briefly blanched or steamed.
Key Constituents
Indole alkaloids (including rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, hirsutine, hirsuteine, corynoxeine, and corynoxine), chlorogenic acid, catechins, and tannins.
Traditional Functions
Calms the liver, extinguishes internal wind, relieves spasms, and supports healthy blood pressure.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for headache, dizziness, elevated blood pressure, tremors, muscle spasms, and convulsions.
For educational purposes only.
Zanthoxyli Fructus Sansho (山椒)
Zanthoxyli Fructus
Origin
Dried ripe pericarp of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC. (Rutaceae), with the seeds removed as completely as possible.
Key Constituents
Hydroxy-α-sanshool and related sanshools (pungent compounds), monoterpenoids, essential oils (including limonene and citronellal), and flavonoids.
Traditional Functions
Warms the middle, dispels cold, relieves abdominal pain, and promotes healthy digestion.
Common Uses
Traditionally used for abdominal cold, digestive discomfort, nausea, poor appetite, and intestinal parasites.
For educational purposes only.
No matching herbs found.